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The Leningrad School of Painting ((ロシア語:''Ленинградская школа живописи'')) - a group of Soviet painters, established in Leningrad in 1930–1950 years around reformed Imperial Academy of Fine Arts and unified by the Leningrad Union of Soviet Artists (1932–1991). == History == The History of the Leningrad school covers the period from early 1930 to early 1990s. Its appearance was the result of conflict resolution and reflect prevailing trends in the development of Soviet art and art education at the turn of 1920-1930s. It was accelerated by the adoption in April 1932 by Politburo of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks decree "On the Restructuring of Literary and Artistic Organizations", which, inter alia, provided for the dissolution of the existing literature and arts organizations and groups and the formation of unified creative unions, as well as the adoption in October 1932 by All-Russian Central Executive Committee and the Council of People's Commissars decree "On creation of the Academy of Arts." In accordance with the Institute of proletarian art was transformed into the Institute of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture (since 1944 named after Ilya Repin). Was thus placed upon a line under the 15-year period of the destruction of art school and a continuous transformation of the largest art institutions in the country. Since 1934, the Russian Academy of Arts and Institute of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture headed by Isaak Brodsky. The consequence of decree of Politburo of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks was the formation of 2 August 1932 the Leningrad Union of Soviet Artists, ending on the merits of post-revolutionary period and ushered in an era of Soviet art.〔''Manin Vitaly. Art and Power. Fighting trends in Soviet art 1917-1941 period''. - St. Petersburg: Aurora Publishing, 2008. P. 308—317.〕 As the first chairman of the Leningrad Union of Soviet Artists was elected Kuzma Petrov-Vodkin. Prominent role in the formation of the Leningrad school belongs to famous Russian artists and art educators who worked in Leningrad and in the past were pupils of the St. Petersburg Academy of Arts, students Ilya Repin, Pavel Chistyakov, Arkhip Kuindzhi. Among them were Isaak Brodsky, Dmitry Kardovsky, Alexander Savinov, Kuzma Petrov-Vodkin, Arcady Rylov, Alexander Matveyev, Alexander Osmerkin, Semion Abugov, Eugene Lanceray, Pavel Shillingovsky, Nikolai Radlov, Konstantin Yuon, Pavel Naumov, Boris Ioganson, Alexander Lubimov, Rudolf Frentz, Nikolai Petrov, Vasily Shukhaiev, Dmitry Kiplik, Nikolay Punin, Mikhail Bernshtein, Yefim Cheptsov, Ivan Bilibin, Piotr Buchkin, and others.〔''Sergei V. Ivanov. Unknown Socialist Realism. The Leningrad School.''- Saint Petersburg: NP-Print Edition, 2007. p. 13.〕 Creation of artists of the Leningrad school, and problems of art education in post-revolutionary Academy were subject of numerous albums, book, magazine and newspaper articles, exhibition catalogs. The term "school" has been widely used in the 1920s and 1930s by Dmitry Kardovsky, Alexander Savinov, Isaak Brodsky, and other reputable experts, including in direct and indirect discussions with supporters of the extreme "left" views on matters of training and education of young artists in the reformed Academy. The terms "Leningrad school" and "Moscow school" in relation to the already mature independent creativity of its artists and phenomenon in general, has been used in Russian and foreign literature since the late 1980s.〔''Danilova Anna. Formation of the Leningrad school of painting and its artistic traditions.''// St. Petersburg Art History notebook. Issue 21. Saint Petersburg, 2011. P. 94.〕〔''Lyakhovitsky Alexander, Makhlina Svetlana. Sergei Osipov. Painting. Drawing. Exhibition of works. Catalogue.'' - Leningrad, Khudozhnik RSFSR, 1990. C. 5.〕 This is due to political and economic changes in the country, made it possible to discuss the formation of regional differences, and art schools in the fine arts of the USSR 1930-1980 period. Thus, in an article about the artist Nikolai Lapshin, published posthumously, the Leningrad art historian Boris Suris (1923–1991) wrote: «In the 1930s, worked in Soviet art masters united in our view the concept of «Leningrad school»... Just as at one time master "Mir Iskusstva" opened the graphical beauty of the great city, the master of the «Leningrad school» made his discovery of the picturesque beauty».〔''Suris Boris. Nikolai F. Lapshin.''// Pages of Memory. Reference Memorial digest. Artists of the Leningrad Union of Soviet artists, who were killed during the Great Patriotic War and the Siege of Leningrad. St. Petersburg, 2010. P. 138.〕 But in the press, even in the early 1980s, art critics had to desperately maneuver. That's what writing Vladimir Gusev and Vladimir Lenyashin, colleagues Boris Suris in the Russian Museum: «Of course, it is hardly possible to formulate a strictly theoretical features that are specific only to the Leningrad art, it is clear that everything in it is inseparable of the common processes of socialist culture. This above all - Soviet art ... But with all the difficulties, or rather the impossibility to deduce the «formula» of the Leningrad art, we feel that it exists as an independent, original value.»〔''Gusev Vladimir, Lenyashin Vladimir. Sixty years of Fine Arts of the Leningrad''. // Gapeeva V. I., Gusev V. A., Tsvetova A. V. The Fine Arts of the Leningrad. Leningrad, Khudozhnik RSFSR, 1981. P. 13.〕 Some researchers have nevertheless attempted to go beyond mere feelings and raised questions about the background and characteristics of the phenomenon. «The Leningrad Art School, - wrote art historian Nadezhda Leonova in 1979, - was influenced by complex and sometimes conflicting traditions, marked, however, combines the features of citizenship, humanism and high culture. She was influenced by classical architecture of the city, its literature and theater, a special poetic originality of the urban landscape. Had a strong influence of the great revolutionary tradition.»〔''Art belongs to people. Exhibition of works by artists of Leningrad''. - Leningrad: Khudozhnik RSFSR, 1979. P. 6.〕 In European literature term «The Leningrad School» appeared in late 1980 in connection with the well-known series of exhibitions and art auctions of Russian art «L'École de Leningrad» in France in 1989—1992.〔''L' École de Leningrad. Catalogue.'' - Paris: Drouot Richelieu, 16 June 1989.〕〔''L' École de Leningrad. Catalogue.'' - Paris: Drouot Richelieu, 12 Mars 1990.〕〔''L' École de Leningrad. Catalogue''. - Paris: Drouot Richelieu, 21 December 1990.〕 In 1994—1997 in St. Petersburg have been several exhibitions of works by artists of the Leningrad school from private collections.〔''Paintings of 1950-1980s by the Leningrad School's artists. Exhibition catalogue.'' - Saint Petersburg: Saint Petersburg Union of artists, 1994.〕〔''Paintings of 1940-1990s. The Leningrad School. Exhibition catalogue.'' - St. Petersburg: The Memorial Museum of Nikolai Nekrasov, 1996.〕〔''Still-Life in Painting of 1940—1990s. The Leningrad School. Exhibition catalogue''. - Saint Petersburg: Nikolai Nekrasov Memorial museum, 1997.〕 In 2007 and 2008 came the first monograph on the history and artistic heritage of the Leningrad school.〔''Sergei V. Ivanov. Unknown Socialist Realism. The Leningrad School.''- Saint Petersburg: NP-Print Edition, 2007.〕〔''Pishny Igor. The Leningrad school of painting. Socialist Realism of 1930—1980s. Selected names.'' - St. Petersburg, Kolomenskaya Versta Publishing, 2008.〕 Creativity by "the leading masters of the Leningrad and Moscow School of Painting" is included in the program of the entrance test for admission to art history in graduate of St. Petersburg State University.〔(''Program admission test on the History of Art for those entering the basic educational program graduate of the St. Petersburg State University, in the direction of Arts (Art History). P.12.'' )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Leningrad School of Painting」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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